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Module Biology B1 (OCR B711): Understanding Organisms – Revision topics

Year 10 GCSE biology science examined from Jan 2012

GCSE Science Biology Gateway Core has been revised from 2011. Here's your revision list...

TOPIC: B1A FITNESS AND HEALTH

Blood pressure and how to measure it, diastolic, systolic.
  • Consequences of high and low blood pressure
  • Carbon monoxide reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of red blood
  • Fitness and its link to blood pressure
  • Types of fitness (HT)
Heart disease
  • Causes of heart disease
  • Symptoms of heart disease
  • Effects of high blood pressure
  • Cholesterol , plaque, thrombosis (ht) ,salt, carbon monoxide (ht) smoking.

TOPIC: B1B HUMAN HEALTH AND DIET

Proteins carbohydrates and fats
  • Uses of macronutrients
  • Food tests
  • Components of a balanced diet. Protein, Carbohydrates and fats, minerals (limited to iron), vitamins (limited to vitamin c), fibre water.
  • Calculate personal estimated average daily requirement (EAR) for protein, Body Mass Index
  • First (animal) and second class proteins (HT)
Obesity and deficiency
  • Causes of obesity
  • Effects of dietary deficiency
  • Prevention of obesity and deficiency

B1C STAYING HEALTHY

Pathogens and causes of disease
  • Types of pathogen
  • Classification of disease by pathogen.
  • How diseases are spread
  • protozoa - malaria; Cholera = bacteria ; Athletes foot = fungus ; Flu = virus.
Cancer and non infectious disease
  • Types of cancer
  • Causes of cancer including carcinogens and genetic effects
  • Lifestyle and cancer risk
  • Treatments for cancer
  • Difference between benign and malignant tumours.
Immunisation and testing of drugs
  • History of vaccines
  • Social issues with vaccination
  • Herd immunity
  • How drugs can be used to fight disease
    How vaccines work.(HL)
  1. Harmless pathogen given which carries antigens
  2. Antigens trigger immune response by white blood
  3. Cells which produce antibodies
  4. Immunity remains (memory cells produced)
Prevention of disease
  • Hygiene
  • Healthy diet and it's link to prevention of disease
  • Vaccination
Testing drugs
  • Processes involved in getting a drug to market.
  • Animal testing
  • Placebos

B1D THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

The eye and senses
  • The five senses
    How the eye works:
  1. Cornea - refracts light
  2. Iris - controls how much light enters pupil
  3. Lens - focuses light on to retina
  4. Retina - contains light receptors
  5. Optic nerve - carries impulses to the brain.
  • Monocular Binocular vision
  • Long and short sightedness
  • Use of lenses to correct vision.
Nervous system and structure
  • Structure of neurones
  • The reflex arc
  • Function of neurones
  • Reaction times
  • Gap between neurones = Synapse (HL)

B1E DRUGS AND YOU

  • Illegal drugs
  • Legal versus illegal drugs
  • Differences between legal and illegal drugs. Class A class C
  • Harmful nature of all drugs
  • Social issues surrounding use of drugs
Key words associated with drugs.
  1. Depressants: slow down brain's activity
  2. Pain killers: block nerve impulses
  3. Stimulants: increase brain's activity
  4. Performance enhancers: muscle development
  5. Hallucinogens: distort what is seen and heard
Smoking
  • Effects of smoking
  • Long term consequences of smoking
  • Timeline of understanding about smoking and cancer link
  • Carcinogens
  • Statistics associated with cigarette smoking.
  • Carbon monoxide (lack of oxygen, heart disease);Nicotine (addictive)
  • Tars (irritant, carcinogenic)
  • Particulates
Alcohol
  • Effects of alcohol on the body
  • Consequences of drinking alcohol.
  • Drink driving
  • Statistics associated with alcohol

B1F STAYING IN BALANCE

Homeostasis
  • Definition of homeostasis
  • Maintenance of body temperature, water level and blood sugar.
  • Negative feedback
  • Importance of homeostasis
  • What happens when homeostasis goes wrong
  • Vasodilation and vasoconstriction
Insulin and diabetes
  • Causes of diabetes
  • Symptoms of diabetes
  • Hormones vs nerves
  • How insulin works
  • Type 1 and type 2 diabetes
  • Pancreas makes insulin

B1G CONTROLLING PLANT GROWTH

Plant growth and hormones
  • Hormones speed up or slow down plant growth
  • Phototropic and geotropic
  • How Auxin works (HL)
Plant hormones and commercial uses.
  • Selective weedkillers
  • rooting powder
  • fruit ripening (delay or acceleration)
  • control of dormancy

B1H VARIATION AND INHERITANCE

Inheritance
  • Causes of variation
  • Chromosomes, DNA and genes
  • Inheritance vs environment
  • Gametes have half the number of chromosomes of body cells.
  • Red-green colour blind
Genetic disease
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Inheritance of simple genetic diseases
  • Effects of genetic disease
  • Genetic modification to eliminate disease.
Inheritance and chromosomes
Higher tier only
  • Dominant and recessive alleles
  • Monohybrid crosses
  • Punnet squares
  • Phenotype and genotype.
  • Homozygous- identical allele
  • Heterozygous - different allele
  • Genotype and Phenotype